I’m thinking about the famous exchange between Benjamin Franklin and Elizabeth Willing Powel. On September 17, 1787, the last day of the Constitutional Convention, Powel asked, “Well, Doctor, what have we got?” And we all know Franklin’s legendary reply: “A republic, if you can keep it.”
For most of my life, I’ve mistakenly viewed Franklin’s response as rhetorical. Since my childhood, America and our system of government have been sturdy, something we could take for granted. But his reply made perfect sense. America was embarking on a form of government that was radical for its time. And as early as the late 1790s, a figure as eminent as Thomas Jefferson thought that it was already slipping away.
But we have kept it. And we’ve done so through market collapses, red scares, depressions, wars—and even insurrections as significant as our horrible Civil War.
Of course, we haven’t kept it in the form I’d like. As Margaret Thatcher said, “Constitutions have to be written on hearts, not just paper.” Ignoring the constraints of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights has allowed our government to grow—in size, cost, and the extent to which it pervades nearly every aspect of our lives—beyond what the Founders would contemplate or what the Constitution would allow.
Despite this, we’ve remained largely free and have created and maintained an environment in which human ingenuity and individual dreams can flourish, allowing us all to live lives of prosperity and meaning. The forces of liberalism unleashed in the Founding era ultimately brought the curtain down on slavery and have persistently extended rights, liberty, and the American dream—the promises of the Founding—to groups that had long been denied them. Those who see the Founding as a corrupt bargain to solidify forever the power of white males couldn’t be more wrong. And those who believe freedom has only been in retreat since that time are just as wrong.



