Michael Sam and the Cost of Discrimination
Classical liberals and libertarians have always sought a world in which people are judged as individuals, not as members of groups. Over the centuries most societies have been arranged as hierarchies, with people assigned to classes by birth. The great liberal historian Henry Sumner Maine wrote that the history of civilization was a movement from a society of status to a society of contract — that is, from a society in which each person was born into his place and was defined by his status to one in which the relationships among individuals are determined by free consent and agreement. Liberals argued for “la carrière ouverte aux talents” (“opportunity to the talented”).
Individuals may also be classified by race, religion, sexual orientation, or other characteristics. One of the great achievements of American society has been the progressive extension of the promises of the Declaration of Independence -- life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness -- to people who had been excluded from them. That process has included the abolition of slavery, the civil rights revolution, the women's liberation movement, more recently the gay rights movement.
Lately some people have proclaimed victory in the battle for equal treatment of gays and lesbians. Last month a group of gay marriage supporters urged their allies to be magnanimous in the final period of the "hard-won victory over a social order in which LGBT people were fired, harassed, and socially marginalized" and not to seek to punish remaining dissenters from the new perspective.
But this past weekend has reminded us that we haven't quite achieved "opportunity to the talented." Michael Sam was the Co-Defensive Player of the Year in the country's strongest football conference, yet many people wondered if any NFL team would draft the league's first openly gay player. Turns out they were right to wonder. Here's a revealing chart published in yesterday's Washington Post (based on data from pro-football-reference.com and published alongside this article in the print edition but apparently not online).
Every other SEC Defensive Player of the Year in the past decade, including the athlete who shared the award this year with Michael Sam, was among the top 33 picks in the draft, and only one was below number 17. Does that mean that being gay cost Michael Sam 232 places in the draft, compared to his Co-Defensive Player of the Year? Maybe not. There are doubts about Sam's abilities at the professional level. But there are doubts about many of the players who were drafted ahead of him, in the first 248 picks this year. Looking at this chart, I think it's hard to escape the conclusion that Sam paid a price for being openly gay. That's why classical liberals -- which in this broad sense should encompass most American libertarians, liberals, and conservatives -- should continue to press for a society in which the careers are truly open to the talents. That doesn't mean we need laws, regulations, or mandates. It means that we want to live in a society that is open to talent wherever it appears. As Scott Shackford writes at Reason, Sam's drafting is "a significant cultural development toward a country that actually doesn't care about individual sexual orientation. The apathetic should celebrate this development, as it is a harbinger of a future where such revelations become less and less of a big deal." Let's continue to look forward to a society in which it's not news that a Jewish, Catholic, African-American, Mormon, redneck, or gay person achieves a personal goal.
