The cyber era has amplified the impact of non-state actors on international relations. From election meddling to sabotage to espionage, states are using non-state actors as proxies to do their dirty work. Tim Maurer from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace joins Trevor Thrall and John Glaser to talk about the rise, reach, and implications of these cyber mercenaries.

• Tim Maurer bio
• Tim Maurer, Cyber Mercenaries: The State, Hackers, and Power
• Brandon Valentino and Benjamin Jensen, “The Myth of the Cyber Offense: The Case for Restraint,” Policy Analysis 862, January 15, 2019.