Start with race. In the 1950s African‐Americans campaigned for equal rights. A National Review editorial in 1957 responded:
Conservatives and Civil Rights, Then and Now
This article appeared on Britannica Blog on February 14, 2011.
In 1955, in the very first issue of his new magazine National Review, William F. Buckley, Jr., declared that the magazine “stands athwart history, yelling Stop.” Many readers, certainly the more libertarian ones, have always assumed that NR meant to stop the rise of the welfare state and Big Government. But maybe the intention was to stop social change. For most of the past 70 years or so conservatives have opposed the demands for equal respect and equal rights by blacks, women, and gay people. Then, once any particular battle is over, and the conservative position has been decisively defeated, conservatives accept the new status quo and deny that they were ever on the other side.
The central question that emerges — and it is not a parliamentary question or a question that is answered by merely consulting a catalog of the rights of American citizens, born Equal — is whether the White community in the South is entitled to take such measures as are necessary to prevail, politically and culturally, in areas in which it does not predominate numerically? The sobering answer is Yes — the White community is so entitled because, for the time being, it is the advanced race.
Attitudes like that are now beyond the pale of mainstream conservatism. Today’s conservatives enthusiastically promote the careers of black conservatives like Tim Scott and Allen West, freshmen in the new House of Representatives.
In the 1960s and 1970s conservatives were bitter opponents of the feminist movement. They spoke of traditional values and women’s natural role. In his 1986 book Men and Marriage, an update of Sexual Suicide (1973) conservative writer George Gilder argued that society should not “devalue” man’s role as “producer and achiever” by “pressing women to provide for themselves, prove their ‘independence,’ and compete with men for money and status.” Phyllis Schlafly organized women to Stop the Equal Rights Amendment.
But in 2008 conservatives adamantly insisted that a mother of five, one of them a special‐needs infant and another a pregnant teenager, could easily serve as vice president of the United States. “It’s a slam dunk. I think that people who are concerned about ‘How conservative is Mr. McCain’ are now going to say, ‘If he can make a choice of Sarah Palin, then he can be trusted with our conservative ideals,’ ” said Cathie Adams, Republican National Committeewoman‐elect and president of the Texas Eagle Forum (founded by Schlafly), to the Houston Chronicle. Young conservative pundit Amanda Carpenter said it was sexist to question the ability of a busy mother to handle the White House, too.
Now the battle is over gay rights, and many conservatives have fought gay people’s quest for legal equality and dignity all the way. They defended the sodomy laws until the Supreme Court ended that effort in 2003. Now they work for laws preventing gay people from getting married or adopting children. Some still rail against the depiction of gay people on television. But they’ve lost that battle; 42 years after the Stonewall riots, millions of gay people have come out of the closet, 77 percent of Americans say they know someone who is gay, and gay people can almost see the Promised Land of legal and social equality over the mountaintop. I would predict that within 10 to 20 years, the gay rights struggle will be over, and conservatives will be offended if it’s suggested that they were previously hostile to gays.
But not just yet. The recent kerfuffle over whether a gay conservative group could be one of 100 or so “participating organizations” in the largest annual gathering of conservatives, CPAC, revealed some splits over how to accommodate the changing demographics of America and of conservatism. CPAC, the Conservative Political Action Conference, allowed the gay group GOProud to be a “participating organization.” Several other organizations that had previously participated in CPAC, including the Family Research Council, Concerned Women for America, the Media Research Center, and even the august Heritage Foundation, boycotted CPAC over the inclusion of the gay conservatives. Nevertheless, CPAC organizers say it was the biggest conference ever, and most Republican presidential candidates showed up to speak. The latest word on the controversy: The new chairman of the American Conservative Union, the main organizer of CPAC, says that GOProud won’t be welcome next year. The evolution is on hold.