by Chris Edwards, Jason Clemens and Niels Veldhuis
Chris Edwards, Jason Clemens and Niels Veldhuis are economists at the Cato Institute, Pacific Research Institute and Fraser Institute, respectively.
Added to cato.org on May 17, 2009
This article appeared in the Washington Post on May 17, 2009.
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Reports last week that the recession is draining Social Security and Medicare funds were just one more reminder that the United States needs to fix its finances. For inspiration, why not look to Canada? Long derided by American conservatives as "socialist" and praised by the left for its generous government spending, Canada is casting off those stereotypes. Over the past few years, while U.S. politicians presided over huge increases in spending and debt, the Canadian government tightened its belt, slashed tax rates and balanced budgets. Consider these trends:
Spending: Spending by
all levels of the Canadian
government peaked at 53
percent of the country's
GDP in the early 1990s,
then plunged to 40
percent in 2008. U.S.
government spending has
risen, reaching 39 percent
of GDP in 2008. And with
the stimulus package, that
number is likely to jump
even higher.
Debt: The Canadian
government cut its debt
from 71 percent of GDP
in 1995 to 32 percent in
2008. Under President
Obama's budget plan,
U.S. federal public debt
will jump from 41 percent
of GDP in 2008 to more
than 60 percent next year.
Deficits: Canada has
balanced its budget every
year since 1998 — not by
raising taxes, but by
cutting spending. The
United States balanced its
budget for four years in
the late 1990s, but now
deficits are so large that
it's difficult to imagine
that ever happening
again.
Social Security: While
Canada and the United
States spend the same
percentage of their GDP
on retirement benefits,
the U.S. program has a
large unfunded liability
that policymakers have
done little to fix. Canada
began putting aside
money in the 1990s to
pre-fund future benefits,
just as private pension
plans do. The Canada
Pension Plan is now fully
solvent.
Federalism: While the
U.S. government grew
more centralized in recent
decades, Canada's federal
government ceded power.
President Bush's education
policies increased
federal control over
American schools; in
Canada, K-12 education is
left to the provinces.
Corporate Taxes:
Canada has cut the
corporate tax rate from 28
percent to just 15 percent,
and most provinces have
trimmed corporate taxes
as well. The U.S. federalstate
rate stands at about
40 percent, and the
Obama administration is
planning to increase
corporate taxes.
Individual Taxes:
Canada has had higher
individual income taxes
than the United States,
particularly in the top
brackets. However, if
current tax cuts expire at
the end of 2010 as
scheduled, the top U.S.
federal-state rate will
average 46 percent — the
same as in Canada. Also,
Canada's federal capital
gains tax rate is lower
than the one U.S.
investors pay.
Too often in the United States, Democrats reject cuts in taxes and spending because they consider them Republican causes. Yet in Canada, center-left governments implemented many of the reforms that made these impressive numbers possible. Perhaps we have something to learn from those "socialists" to the north.
Chris Edwards, Jason Clemens and Niels Veldhuis are economists at the Cato Institute, Pacific Research Institute and Fraser Institute, respectively.
More by Chris EdwardsSOURCES: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Statistics Canada; Bureau of Economic Analysis; National Income and Product Accounts; Public Accounts of Canada; Social Security Trustees Annual Report, 2009; U.S. OMB/CBO; authors' calculations
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