## International 

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[![South Korea Economics](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/content_teaser/public/2026-10/GettyImages-2226470185.jpg?itok=JuCxMxIK)](https://www.cato.org/restoring-free-enterprise/south-koreas-economic-miracle) 

Publications 

### [South Korea’s Economic Miracle](/restoring-free-enterprise/south-koreas-economic-miracle) 

By Arvind Panagariya 

South Korea’s experience with directed government support for select companies offers a warning for America’s turn toward government ownership, showing how support for favored firms can distort investment and impose lasting costs.

[![Sweden & Parliament](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/content_teaser/public/2023-08/sweden-parliament.jpg?itok=Eq5ZbsDZ)](https://www.cato.org/restoring-free-enterprise/vodka-burgers-black-hole-how-sweden-learned-limits-state-ownership) 

Publications 

### [Vodka, Burgers, and a Black Hole: How Sweden Learned the Limits of State Ownership](/restoring-free-enterprise/vodka-burgers-black-hole-how-sweden-learned-limits-state-ownership) 

By [Johan Norberg](https://www.cato.org/people/johan-norberg) 

Sweden’s experiment with state ownership produced mounting losses and an eventual turn to privatization, offering a cautionary tale for the United States today.

##### Coming Soon 

**The French Experience with Government Ownership**

By Veronique de Rugy

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**International Experiences with Mixed Enterprises**

By Jack Mintz

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