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Events • April 30, 2012 

# Financing Failure: A Century of Bailouts 

[![Creative Commons License](/build/cato_2020/images/creative-commons.svg)](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) 
This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). 

##### Featuring 

##### Vern McKinley 

Coauthor, *Borrowed Time: Two Centuries of Booms, Busts, and Bailouts at Citi*

##### Matthew Stoller 

[![Calabria Cropped](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-10/calabria-cropped.jpg?itok=5EpCNOFT)](/people/mark-calabria) 

##### [Mark A. Calabria](/people/mark-calabria)

Former Director, Federal Housing Finance Agency; Former Chief Economist, Vice President Mike Pence; Former Senior Advisor, Cato Institute

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](https://x.com/MarkCalabria) [ 

](mailto:mcalabria@cato.org)