# Globalization: Then and Now September 2023 ![Globalization - Then and Now - Foundry Workers](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/aside_3x/public/2023-08/dg-thenandnow.png?itok=VINvgSiV) #### Essays 13-part series - [![global-trade](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2022-04/global-trade.jpg?itok=blNWPyGB)](https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere) ##### [Globalization Isn’t Going Anywhere](/publications/globalization-isnt-going-anywhere) By [Scott Lincicome](https://www.cato.org/people/scott-lincicome) - [![Vintage photograph of River Thames and Tower Bridge, London, 19th Century](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-09/river-thames.jpg?itok=A1OTwV0c)](https://www.cato.org/publications/economics-history-globalization) ##### [Globalization Creates a Global Neighborhood, Benefiting All](/publications/economics-history-globalization) By [Deirdre N. McCloskey](https://www.cato.org/people/deirdre-n-mccloskey) - [![A steel mill belonging to the Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pennysylvania, USA, circa 1960.](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-09/GettyImages-500315881.jpg?itok=vuBVm_31)](https://www.cato.org/publications/misplaced-nostalgia-less-globalized-past) ##### [The Misplaced Nostalgia for a Less Globalized Past](/publications/misplaced-nostalgia-less-globalized-past) By [Daniel Griswold](https://www.cato.org/people/daniel-griswold) - [![Japanese female professor standing next to student and explaining a concept.](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-09/prof-teaching-students.jpg?itok=GB6warSA)](https://www.cato.org/publications/us-immigration-policy-lags-behind-globalizing-world) ##### [U.S. Immigration Policy Lags behind a Globalizing World](/publications/us-immigration-policy-lags-behind-globalizing-world) By [David J. Bier](https://www.cato.org/people/david-bier) - [![Republican Party Presidential Campaign Poster featuring William McKinley for President and Garret A. Hobart for Vice President, 1896.](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-09/mckinley-free-trade.jpg?itok=HNa-GQc1)](https://www.cato.org/publications/problem-tariff-american-economic-history-1787-1934) ##### [The Problem of the Tariff in American Economic History, 1787–1934](/publications/problem-tariff-american-economic-history-1787-1934) By Phillip W. Magness - [![Picture of the globe with glowing arcs connecting cities](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2020-12/GettyImages-935028794.jpg?itok=aC8j6_ZB)](https://www.cato.org/publications/digital-trade-services-globalizations-exciting-new-frontier) ##### [Digital Trade in Services: Globalization’s Exciting New Frontier](/publications/digital-trade-services-globalizations-exciting-new-frontier) By Gary Winslett - [![An African young female doctor taking blood pressure on a young patient in Cape Town South Africa](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-09/GettyImages-1085676456.jpg?itok=XwNOfIoM)](https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-growing-global-equality) ##### [Globalization and Growing Global Equality](/publications/globalization-growing-global-equality) By [Chelsea Follett](https://www.cato.org/people/chelsea-follett) - [![Industrialization and Manufacturing](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-07/industrialization-Cropped.jpg?itok=AHg0BXfa)](https://www.cato.org/publications/reality-american-deindustrialization) ##### [The Reality of American “Deindustrialization”](/publications/reality-american-deindustrialization) By [Colin Grabow](https://www.cato.org/people/colin-grabow) - [![Long Exposure Shot of Traffic moving around Charminar during ramadan season on the night of eid in hyderabad, india.](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-09/Hyderabad.jpg?itok=C8b585eR)](https://www.cato.org/publications/globalization-has-propelled-india-prosperity) ##### [Globalization Has Propelled India to Prosperity](/publications/globalization-has-propelled-india-prosperity) By [Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar](https://www.cato.org/people/swaminathan-s-anklesaria-aiyar) - [![Shipping Containers at a Port](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2019-09/Shipping%20Containers.jpg?itok=tiRqlbjW)](https://www.cato.org/publications/technology-globalization-ie-box-ict) ##### [Technology and Innovation, Not Just Policy, Help Drive Globalization](/publications/technology-globalization-ie-box-ict) By [Colin Grabow](https://www.cato.org/people/colin-grabow) - [![Defending Globalization - Teens Reaching for Globe - Banner](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2023-08/dg-globe-banner.jpg?itok=TD8FoEr8)](https://www.cato.org/publications/moral-case-globalization) ##### [The Moral Case for Globalization](/publications/moral-case-globalization) By [Tom G. Palmer](https://www.cato.org/people/tom-g-palmer) - [![19th Century Trade](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2024-07/19th-century-trade%20Cropped.jpg?itok=Qf0Uj0FH)](https://www.cato.org/publications/without-protectionism-wars-could-first-age-globalization-have-occurred-century-earlier) ##### [Without Protectionism and Wars, Could the First Age of Globalization Have Occurred a Century Earlier?](/publications/without-protectionism-wars-could-first-age-globalization-have-occurred-century-earlier) By Vincent Geloso - [![Agriculture/Farm](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/mega_menu_aside/public/2024-11/agriculture-image-cropped.jpg?itok=ZQ-egugI)](https://www.cato.org/publications/agricultural-trade-globalization) ##### [Globalization Helps Feed the World](/publications/agricultural-trade-globalization) By Philip G. Hoxie As long as people have existed, globalization—in some form or another—has too. History provides important lessons not only about past globalization episodes and policies but also about current and future ones. Unfortunately, much of the history of globalization has been either forgotten or improperly cited to justify new restrictions on trade and migration today. At the same time, many politicians and pundits demonstrate, at best, a superficial understanding of what modern globalization—who participates, how they participate, and what comes next—really is. And, as a result, we are often treated to dire warnings of “deglobalization” or “hyperglobalization” with little basis in fact. The essays in this Defending Globalization series will educate readers on the past, present, and future of globalization in brief, accessible language written by experts in the field. Readers will be left with a fuller understanding of past periods of globalization here and abroad, how globalization is playing out today, and what the future of globalization holds for the United States and the world. [Return to Defending Globalization](/defending-globalization) ##### About the Authors [![Scott Lincicome cropped](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2023-10/scott-lincicome-square.jpg?itok=qnTH2GB_)](/people/scott-lincicome) ##### [Scott Lincicome](/people/scott-lincicome) Vice President, General Economics and Stiefel Trade Policy Center, Cato Institute [ ](https://x.com/scottlincicome) [ ](mailto:slincicome@cato.org) [![Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar Cropped](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-01/Swaminathan%20Aiyar.jpg?itok=hY3p7kNb)](/people/swaminathan-s-anklesaria-aiyar) ##### [Swaminathan S. Anklesaria Aiyar](/people/swaminathan-s-anklesaria-aiyar) Former Research Fellow, Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity ![Vincent Geloso portrait](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2023-05/vincent-geloso.jpeg?itok=oKjB9Imp) ##### Vincent Geloso Assistant Professor of Economics, George Mason University [![Colin Grabow](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-01/Colin%20Grabow.jpg?itok=pNkGPWw4)](/people/colin-grabow) ##### [Colin Grabow](/people/colin-grabow) Associate Director, Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies [ ](https://x.com/cpgrabow) [![Chelsea Follett](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-01/Chelsea%20Follett.jpg?itok=t0sPC8WK)](/people/chelsea-follett) ##### [Chelsea Follett](/people/chelsea-follett) Research Fellow, Human​Progress​.org, Cato Institute [ ](https://x.com/chellivia) [ ](mailto:cfollett@cato.org) [![Dierdre N. McCloskey cropped](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-10/dierdre-mccloskey-pic-cropped.jpg?itok=CE5OEUFL)](/people/deirdre-n-mccloskey) ##### [Deirdre N. McCloskey](/people/deirdre-n-mccloskey) Distinguished Scholar Isaiah Berlin Chair in Liberal Thought, Cato Institute [ ](https://x.com/DeirdreMcClosk) [![David J. Bier](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-01/David%20Bier.jpg?itok=orT_ECKQ)](/people/david-bier) ##### [David J. Bier](/people/david-bier) Director, Immigration Studies, and The Selz Foundation Chair in Immigration Policy, Cato Institute [ ](https://x.com/David_J_Bier) [ ](mailto:dbier@cato.org) ![P_W_Magness_1255cropped](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2022-08/P_W_Magness_1255cropped.jpg?itok=FpjkQ2nM) ##### Phillip W. Magness Hayek Chair in Economics and Economic History, American Institute for Economic Research ![Philip G. Hoxie](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2024-11/philip-g-hoxie-headshot.jpeg?itok=WnDdQayq) ##### Philip G. Hoxie Economics PhD Student, University of California, San Diego ![Gary Winslett](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2023-09/GWinslett.png?itok=QvtTyPqI) ##### Gary Winslett Assistant Professor of Political Science, Middlebury College [![Media Name: palmer-cropped.jpg](/sites/cato.org/files/styles/author_picture/public/2021-01/palmer-cropped.jpg?itok=4cdv7ymk)](/people/tom-g-palmer) ##### [Tom G. Palmer](/people/tom-g-palmer) Executive Vice President for International Programs, Atlas Network; Senior Fellow, Cato Institute [ ](https://x.com/tomgpalmer) [ ](mailto:tpalmer@cato.org)