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The Cato Institute seeks to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets and peace. Toward that goal, the Institute strives to achieve greater involvement of the intelligent, concerned lay public in questions of policy and the proper role of government.
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<lastBuildDate>Thu, 08 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</lastBuildDate><item>
				<title>Violence in Zimbabwe Makes Run-Off Election Difficult</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080508#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"Zimbabwe is too violent to hold a presidential run-off, the head of a South African observer mission says," reports <A href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7389446.stm" target=_blank>BBC News</A>. "'We have seen it, there are people in hospital who said they have been tortured,' said Kingsley Mamabolo. The head of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission has reportedly said the run-off could be delayed by up to a year. No date has been set for the second round between President Robert Mugabe and Morgan Tsvangirai, which should be 21 days after the official results."</P>
<P>In "<A href="http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9386" target=_self>South Africa Plays Ball with Dictators</A>," Marian L. Tupy, policy analyst at Cato's Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity, and James Kirchick, assistant editor at the <EM>New Republic</EM>, write: </P>
<P>"Friends of Zimbabwe have long hoped for a peaceful transfer of power in that country. But in spite of losing the March 29 elections to the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), the regime of Robert Mugabe is clinging to power. Once again, the world's democracies look to Zimbabwe's southern neighbor to stem the growing violence against the Zimbabwean people unleashed by the ruling regime. South Africa's president, Thabo Mbeki, however, maintains that there is 'no crisis' in Zimbabwe. He has even ordered his U.N. representative to block debate about the situation in the Security Council, which South Africa currently chairs. South Africa has not only tolerated Mugabe, it has been complicit in keeping him in office. Indeed, far from facilitating peaceful change in Zimbabwe, South Africa's government has been complicit in violating the human rights and the democratically expressed will of Zimbabweans--which is why opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai has called on Mbeki to relinquish his role as the Southern African Development Community's designated mediator of the Zimbabwean crisis."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080508#3</guid>
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				<title>Medvedev Sworn In As President</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080507#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"Dmitri Medvedev was inaugurated as post-Soviet Russia's third president Wednesday in a lavish Kremlin ceremony designed to emphasize the near czarlike authority of the office he now holds," <EM><A href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0507/p01s06-woeu.html" target=_blank>The Christian Science Monitor</A></EM> reports. "But Mr. Medvedev, a youthful apparatchik who favors Deep Purple and seeks Internet-savvy underlings for his administration, will face a daunting list of issues as he begins to wield that power."</P>
<P>On BBC's "<A href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/hardtalk/7200618.stm" target=_blank>HardTalk with Stephen Sakur</A>," Cato senior fellow and former adviser to Vladimir Putin Andrei Illarionov said: "Putinism" would be characterized as "some level of nationalism, some level of aggressiveness, first of all directed against people inside the country, and to some extent, outside the country as well."&#160; </P>
<P>When asked if Putinism might end with Putin's departure from the Kremlin, Illarionov responded: "I don't think so, because we are talking about the policy and philosophy of aggression against Russian people, against Russia's neighbors, against other countries in the world. It does not and should not be attributed to one particular person. This is the philosophy and ideology of a group of people, of the Corporation, of the organizations that exist in the country for a long period of time, almost for a century."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080507#3</guid>
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				<title>Brazil Defends Ethanol</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080506#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"Brazil, the world's biggest ethanol exporter, is bristling over criticism of its biofuel," reports <EM><A href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0505/p04s01-woam.html" target=_blank>The Christian Science Monitor</A></EM>. "As wheat, rice, and corn prices rise sharply, critics say producing fuel for cars is taking precedence over food for people. President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva says the bad publicity is unwarranted and uninformed. Many biofuel experts agree. Critics, they say, fail to distinguish between the different kinds of ethanol. Brazilian ethanol from sugar cane is up to eight times more energy efficient to produce than ethanol derived from corn, beets, wheat, or other temperate crops."</P>
<P>In the Free Trade Bulletin "<A href="http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/FTBs/FTB-031.html" target=_blank>Food Fight</A>," Sallie James, trade policy analyst, writes:</P>
<P>"Facts on the demand side suggest that the recent price increases are more structural compared to the cyclical, supply-driven booms of the past. Government policies in developed countries that seek to support farmers by creating artificial demand for ethanol are an important culprit. In addition, economic growth in countries such as China, Brazil, and India has created a large and growing middle class that is acquiring western-style eating habits. The Chinese, for example, have almost doubled their consumption of meat from about 44 lbs. per capita in 1980 to 110 lbs. per capita today. That in turn has pushed up demand for feed grains, because one lb. of beef requires about 13 lbs. of grain to produce. Although high prices will encourage entrepreneurs to increase production, and infrastructure investment will help increase yields and correct the current market imbalance, government actions are impeding the efficient allocation of resources that would normally see lower prices."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080506#3</guid>
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				<title>Australian Transplant Groups Reject Kidney Markets</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080505#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"An Australian kidney specialist sparked a bitter medical ethics row Monday by calling for organ sales to be legalized to stop patients traveling overseas to buy them on the black market," <A href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gH8qtd9QSJbpb1q6hrOdu_0TH2sA" target=_blank>Agence France-Press<EM>e</EM></A> reports. "Nephrologist Gavin Carney said Australia should allow the sale of organs, which currently carries a penalty of six months jail and a 4,400 dollar (4,092 U.S.) fine, to help cut the bloated transplant waiting list."&#160;</P>
<P>In the Cato policy analysis "<A href="http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8780" target=_self>A Gift of Life Deserves Compensation: How to Increase Living Kidney Donation with Realistic Incentives</A>," Arthur Matas writes: "The best way to increase the supply of kidneys without drastically changing the existing allocation system is to legalize a regulated system of compensation for living kidney donors. Such a system could be established using the infrastructure already in place for evaluating deceased donors and allocating their organs. The only change required to ease and probably even solve the organ shortage is some form of payment for donors.</P>
<P>"The potential practical and theoretical concerns with compensated donation can be overcome, and alternative proposals will not do enough to solve the shortage. Upon careful analysis, it is clear that the benefits of a regulated system of compensated donation (chiefly, increasing the number of donated kidneys) outweigh any risks."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080505#3</guid>
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				<title>Deborah Jeane Palfrey Commits Suicide</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080502#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"Deborah Jeane Palfrey, the 'D.C. Madam' of intrigue and introspection, committed suicide yesterday," <EM><A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/04/15/ST2008041502159.html?hpid=topnews" target=_blank>The Washington Post</A></EM> reports. "Her mother found her body hanging in the shed on her property in Tarpon Springs, Fla."</P>
<P>In the Cato-at-Liberty blog post "<A href="http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2008/05/02/deborah-jeane-palfrey-hounded-to-death/" target=_blank>Deborah Jeane Palfrey, Hounded to Death</A>," Cato executive vice president David Boaz writes: "In many ways we are more free today than we were in previous decades. But new regulations and new technology are making it much easier to monitor our activities and to actually enforce both old and new laws. It's like a silent police state that we only realize when we're suddenly served with papers.</P>
<P>"It's time to repeal these antiquated laws against prostitution and to take a close look at the use and abuse of racketeering, money laundering, bank monitoring, and other intrusive laws. Someone needs to step forward and start that debate. Perhaps Governor Spitzer and Sen. David Vitter would be good candidates. In the meantime, may Deborah Jeane Palfrey rest in peace. And may her persecutors have many sleepless nights."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080502#3</guid>
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				<title>Congress Considers Cellulosic Ethanol</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080501#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"America's love affair with corn-based ethanol is cooling -- at least in Washington," <EM><A href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0501/p03s03-usec.html" target=_blank>The Christian Science Monitor</A></EM> reports. "Some legislators blame the rising use of corn as a biofuel as a key factor behind high food prices. Others want to freeze the federal mandate on biofuels production at current levels, reversing legislation passed just a few months ago that increases it through 2022. Still others are pushing to shift tax incentives away from corn-based to cellulose-based ethanol in the nearly completed farm bill."</P>
<P>In the Cato-at-Liberty blog post "<A href="http://www.cato-at-liberty.org/2008/05/01/wishful-thinking-on-cellulosic-ethanol/" target=_blank>Wishful Thinking on Cellulosic Ethanol</A>," Indur Goklany, author of the Cato book <EM><A href="http://www.catostore.org/index.asp?fa=ProductDetails&amp;method=cats&amp;scid=32&amp;pid=1441339" target=_self>The Improving State of the World</A></EM>, writes: "If cellulosic ethanol proves to be as profitable as its backers hope, farmers will divert even more land and water to producing the cellulose instead of food. All this means we'll be more or less back to where we were. Food will once again be competing with fuel. And land and water will be diverted from the rest of nature to meet the human demand for fuel.</P>
<P>"Does this mean that biomass -- and farmers -- should play no role in helping us meet our energy needs? Not necessarily. If farmers can profitably grow fuel rather than food through their own efforts, so be it. But we shouldn't favor growing one over the other either through subsidies or indirectly through government mandates for so-called renewable fuels."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 May 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080501#3</guid>
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				<title>More Corn Crops Used for Fuel</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080430#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"Across the country, ethanol plants are swallowing more and more of the nation's corn crop," reports <EM><A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/29/AR2008042903092_pf.html" target=_blank>The Washington Post</A></EM>. "This year, about a quarter of U.S. corn will go to feeding ethanol plants instead of poultry or livestock. That has helped [some] farmers, but it has boosted demand -- and prices -- for corn at the same time global grain demand is growing. And it has linked food and fuel prices just as oil is rising to new records, pulling up the price of anything that can be poured into a gasoline tank."</P>
<P>In "<A href="http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/FTBs/FTB-031.html" target=_blank>Food Fight</A>," Sallie James, trade analyst with Cato's Center for Trade Policy Studies, writes: </P>
<P>"Primarily derived from corn in the United States, ethanol affects the price of corn directly by adding to demand, and other commodities indirectly by drawing cropland away from their production. Indeed, in the last year the supply of corn has increased 24 percent in the northern United States during 2007, primarily because of higher corn acreage (the highest since 1933). Ethanol capacity has risen by around 40 percent in the last year because of government incentives. As farmers shifted production to meet surging demand for ethanol, the acreage devoted to rice, cotton and soybeans has decreased by 3 percent, 18 percent, and 16 percent respectively."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080430#3</guid>
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				<title>Court Upholds Voter ID Law</title>
		<link>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080429#3</link>
		<description><![CDATA[<P>"Far from settling the debate over voter identification, the Supreme Court ruling on Monday upholding Indiana's voter ID law is likely to lead to more laws and litigation, voting experts said," <EM><A href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/29/us/29states.html?partner=rssuserland&amp;emc=rss&amp;pagewanted=all" target=_blank>The New York Times</A></EM> reports. "Lawmakers in at least four states may seek to pass stricter regulations in the next year or so, the experts said. In response, voting rights groups might sue on behalf of individuals or groups in an effort to exempt them."</P>
<P>In the Tech Knowledge column "<A href="http://www.cato.org/tech/tk/080107-tk.html" target=_self>Voter ID: A Tempest in a Teapot That Could Burn Us All</A>," Jim Harper, Cato's director of information policy studies, writes: "The Constitution gives Congress power to regulate the elections that select its members and, to a lesser degree, the president. But Congress does not have to use that power to its fullest extent. States recognize their own interests in fair elections, and they should experiment among themselves with ways to secure elections while making sure the vote is available to all qualified people.</P>
<P>"There will never be a 'perfect' voting process. Striking the balance between security and access involves tradeoffs. Top-down attempts to perfect voting processes could be quite damaging to Americans' liberties."</P>]]></description>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 00:00:00 EDT</pubDate>
		<guid>http://www.cato.org/view_ddispatch.php?viewdate=20080429#3</guid>
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