(Summer 1983): 531; John J. Mearsheimer, "Back
the increasing peril of nuclear war that was
to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold
imbedded in its extended deterrence strategy.
War," International Security 15, no. 1 (Summer
46. Quoted in Mark Sheetz, "Exit Strategies:
1990): 556; Kenneth N. Waltz, "The Emerging
American Grand Designs for Postwar European
Structure of International Politics," International
Security," Security Studies 8, no. 4 (Summer 1999): 25.
Security 18, no. 2 (Fall 1993): 4479; Christopher
Layne, "Continental Divide--Time to Disengage
47. Quoted in Kaplan, The United States and NATO,
in Europe," National Interest, no. 13 (Fall 1988):
p. 185.
1327. See also Ted Galen Carpenter, "Competing
Agendas: America, Europe, and a Troubled
48. The most recent iteration of these points is
NATO Partnership," in NATO at 40: Confronting a
Stephen Walt, "The Ties That Fray: Why Europe
Changing World, ed. Ted Galen Carpenter
and America Are Drifting Apart," National Interest,
(Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1990), pp.
no. 54 (Winter 199899): 311. Walt's analysis is
2944; and idem, A Search for Enemies: America's
compelling and builds on the work of such ana-
Alliances after the Cold War (Washington; Cato
lysts as David Calleo, James Chace, Earl Ravenal,
Institute, 1992), pp. 1146. Previously associated
and Ronald Steel, who, as early as the 1960s,
with strong support for NATO, Walt now con-
acutely identified the external and domestic fac-
curs with my analysis of more than a decade ago
tors that could ultimately cause the transatlantic
that, because the alliance's disintegration is
alliance to fracture. By the 1980s, those tensions
inevitable, the best course of action is for the
were even more evident. See Christopher Layne,
United States and Western Europe to begin a
"Superpower Disengagement," Foreign Policy, no.
process of gradual disengagement, rather than
77 (Winter 198990): 1740; idem, "Atlanticism
risk NATO's precipitous rupture in a future
without NATO," Foreign Policy, no. 67 (Summer
transatlantic crisis. For his previous support of
1987): 2245; idem, "Toward German
the U.S. commitment to NATO, see Stephen
Reunification?" Journal of Contemporary Studies 7,
Walt, "The Case for Finite Containment:
no. 4 (Fall 1984): 737; idem, "Ending the
Analyzing US Grand Strategy," International
Alliance," Journal of Contemporary Studies 6, no. 3
Security 14, no.1 (Spring 1989): 550.
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