ship much more of a partnership in this area."
retary of state Thomas R. Pickering illustrated con-
Pickering. Emphasis added.
cretely the salience of the transatlantic framework
in U.S. thinking: "Our vision is a simple one: we
25. Walter Slocombe, "Partnership for Peace and
want a Europe whole and free in partnership with the
NATO-Russian Relations," Defense Issues 10, no.
United States as part of a new Atlantic Community
28 (March 2, 1995),online edition. Thendeputy
which is a force for progress in the world."
secretary of state Strobe Talbott made the same
Pickering, "Remarks at French-American Chamber
point, stating that U.S. support for EDSI would
of Commerce, Washington, D.C.," November 3,
depend on the answer to a the key question: "will
2000, www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/2000/
it help keep the alliance together?" As Talbott
001103_pickering_transatl.html. Emphasis added.
said, the United States does "not want to see an
EDSI that comes into being first within NATO
19. As Lundestad observes, Washington's reiterat-
but then grows out of NATO and finally grows
ed declarations of support for an equal partner-
away from NATO, since that would lead to an
ship between a strong Europe and the United
EDSO that initially duplicates NATO but that
States "ring a little hollow. . . . It is highly doubt-
could eventually compete with NATO." See
ful that the United States has ever wanted a
Strobe Talbott, "Remarks at a Conference on the
Europe really equal to the U.S." Lundestad,
Future of NATO," Royal Institute of Inter-
"Empire" by Integration, p. 166.
national Affairs, London, October 7 1999,
20. As former defense secretary William S. Cohen
www.state.gov/www/policy_remarks/1999/99031
stated in October 2000, "NATO will continue to
0_talbott_nato.html.
be the indispensable anchor of American engage-
26. Albright, "Press Conference at NATO
ment in European security matters and the foun-
Headquarters."
dation for assuring the collective defense of
alliance members." William S. Cohen, "Informal
27. NATO, declared thendeputy national securi-
NATO Defense Ministerial Meeting--Remarks as
ty adviser James Steinberg, is the "bedrock" of
Prepared for Delivery, October 10, 2000,"
postCold War Europe's security, and "underpins
www.Defenselink.mil/speeches/2000/s20001010
Europe's best hopes for a continent that is demo-
-secdef.html.
cratic, undivided and at peace." He went on to
note that while some in Europe perceive "that
21. See Joseph Fitchett, "EU Takes Steps to Create
U.S. leadership is heavy handed," nevertheless the
a Military Force, without Treading on NATO,"
"fact is, our leadership is essential in support of
International Herald Tribune, March 1, 2000, online
the larger cause of an integrated Europe." James
edition; James Kitfield, "European Doughboys,"
B. Steinberg, "Remarks before European
National Journal, February 26, 2000, pp. 61014;
Institute," Mayflower Hotel, Washington,
and Carol J. Williams, "Conference Highlights
January 15, 1998.
Flaws of NATO's Kosovo Campaign," Los Angeles
Times, February 6, 2000, online edition.
28. Stuart E. Eizenstat, "Address to the Secretary's
Open Forum," April 6, 1999, www.state.gov/
22. Jesse Helms and Gordon Smith, "European
www/dept/openforum/proceedings/apr6-99/
Defence Policy Is Dangerous," Daily Telegraph,
s_eizenstat.html. Emphasis added.
December 28, 2000, online edition. Emphasis
added.
29. Strobe Talbott warns: "If ESDI is miscon-
ceived, misunderstood, or mishandled, it could
23. Madeleine K. Albright, "Press Conference at
create the impression---which could eventually
NATO Headquarters," December 8, 1998, Office
lead to the reality--that a new, European-only
of the Spokesman, U.S. Department of State.
alliance is being born out of the old, transatlantic
Emphasis added.
one. If that were to happen, it would weaken, per-
haps even break, those ties that I spoke of before--
24. Madeleine K. Albright, "United States Backs
the ones that bind our security to yours." Talbott.
European Rapid Reaction Force," November 20,
2000, Office of the Spokesman, U.S. Department
30. The classic theoretical statement of this prob-
of State. Emphasis added. See also William S.
lem is Mancur Olson and Richard Zeckhauser,
Cohen, "Preserving History's Greatest alliance,"
"An Economic Theory of Alliances: A Theoretical
Washington Post, January 8, 2001, p. A19. Former
Study of Alliance Formation," Review of Economics
under secretary of state Pickering reiterated the
and Statistics, 48, no. 3 (1966): 26679.
U.S. view that ESDP is welcome only as a means
of bolstering NATO. Speaking of ESDP, he noted,
31. Quoted in Brian Knowlton, "Bush under Fire
"A stronger European military contribution will
over Balkans Plan," International Herald Tribune,
make the alliance stronger, lift some of the burden from
October 23, 2000.
the U.S., and make the U.S.-European relation-
13