are given in Paul Craig Roberts, "The `Can-Do'
young women to enlist, however, fell from 14 per-
Curse . . . and Fade Out," Washington Times, March
cent in 1996 to 12 percent in 1997. Assistant
18, 1999, p. A18.
Secretary of Defense, Population Representation in
Fiscal Year 1997, p. 2-1.
169. Komarow, p. A1; William Matthews, "Pay
Reform Pushed as Retention Tool," Air Force
155. Quoted in Mitchell, "Is the Draft in Your
Times, November 16, 1998, p. 3. The military also
Future?" p. A22.
points to the fact that 25,000 service families
156. This issue is not just an American concern.
receive food stamps. Rowan Scarborough,
Clashes between military and civilian cultures
"Cohen Makes Benefits, Pay for Troops a Priori-
have been evident in other democracies, such as
ty," Washington Times, October 28, 1998, p. A1.
France. See Ambler, pp. 277307. The armed ser-
170. See, for example, Tobias Naegele, "The Pay
vices' apparent shift from institutional to occupa-
Gap: Most Enlisted People Are Earning More
tional models has also been observed throughout
Than Civilians, a New Study Says," Air Force
Europe. See Charles Moskos and Frank Wood,
Times, November 9, 1998, p. 3. Of course, the
eds., The Military: More Than Just a Job? (Washing-
peculiar demands placed on military personnel
ton: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1988), pp. 153275.
make all such comparisons difficult. One army
157. William Moore, "The Military Must Revive
recruiting sergeant observes, "We are asking
Its Warrior Spirit," Wall Street Journal, October 27,
today's youth to leave home, deploy at a
1988, p. A22.
moment's notice and give his life for his country
for the same pay as a fry cook." Myers, "Good
158. Moskos and Wood, pp. 153275.
Times," p. A19. And there is substantial dis-
agreement over the impact of some proposals,
159. Fallows, p. 98.
such as the one to increase pension benefits.
Judith Havemann, "Waging War on Military
160. Gary Dempsey, "No: U.S. Military Readi-
Attrition Could Be Costly," Washington Post,
ness Is Being Weakened by Efforts to Support a
December 23, 1998, p. A21.
Fictional Nation," Insight, January 1118, 1999,
pp. 25, 27; and Gary Dempsey, "Defense Dan-
171. Some proposals are offered by Business
ger," Daily Oklahoman, December 28, 1998.
Executives for National Security, "Military Compen-
sation: It's about More Than Money," BENS
161. Quoted in Mitchell, "Is the Draft in Your
Tail-to-Tooth Update, no. 27, January 25, 1999.
Future?" p. A22.
172. See Pat Towell, "Proposed Military Pay
162. Shepard, p. H-12.
Increase Aimed at Making Services More Attrac-
tive," Congressional Quarterly Weekly, January 9,
163. Richard Newman, "The Navy Tries a Little
1999, p. 72; and Judith Haveman, "4.4% Military
Shipboard Tenderness," U.S. News & World Report,
Pay Hike Asked," Washington Post, December 22,
March 22, 1999, p. 26.
1998, p. A21.
164. Charles Moskos, "Short-Term Soldiers,"
173. The Republican Congress seems likely to end
Washington Post, March 8, 1999, p. A-19. One prob-
up approving more than the administration's
lem with his argument is that he suggests foreign
proposed increase but less than that advocated by
peacekeeping would be seen as "a rewarding way"
Kristol, Kagan, or Gaffney. House Armed Services
of serving. Yet potential male recruits indicate
Committee, "The FY2000 Defense Budget:
that it is a major disincentive to enlisting.
Gambling with America's Defense," National
Security Report 3, no. 1 (February 1999). See also
165. Lancaster and Lehnus, p. A-2.
William Kristol and Robert Kagan, "Toward a
Neo-Reaganite Foreign Policy," Foreign Affairs
166. Quoted in Bradley Graham, "Short-Term
(JulyAugust 1996); and Frank J. Gaffney Jr., "Pro
Remedy for Recruiters?" Washington Post, March
& Con: The Bottom Line: Defense Needs More
18, 1999, p. A19.
Money," May 29, 1997, www.intellectualcapital.
com/issues/issue90/item2146.a.
167. Steve Buyer, "Chairman Buyer Opening State-
Actually, no hike is justified. The military has
ment Recruiting Hearing," Press release, Office of
not been "starving," as columnist Don Feder,
Congressman Buyer, March 18, 1999, p. 2.
among others, suggests. Don Feder, "Defining
Defense Dangers," Washington Times, October 2,
168. Gerry Braun, "Hunter Sees Military Potential
1998, p. A18. In fact, in inflation-adjusted terms,
in Disabled," San Diego Union-Tribune, February
the military is spending as much as it did in 1980,
20, 1999, pp. A1, A18. Criticisms of that proposal
at the height of the Cold War. Walter Jones com-
37