<<  <  >  >>

82. For a description of the environmental and

69. Judah Rose, "Comparative Costs of New

economic features of a modern coal plant avail-

Powerplants--Overseas Economics," Presenta-

able to the international market, see Cat Jones,

tion by ICF Resources, April 1997; and Josh

"Shinchi Leads Way for Large Advanced Coal-

Spencer, ICF Resources, communication with the

Fired  Units,"  Electric  Power  International,

author, February 18, 1998. A 1995 study by DRI

September 1997, pp. 36­41.

estimated the cost of electricity from new coal

plants (in 1993 dollars) at between 4.3 cents and

83. Deren Zhu and Yuzhuo Zhang, "Major Trends

5.1 cents per kWh. DRI, Energy Choices in a

of New Technologies for Coal Mining and

Competitive Era, p. TA-15.

Utilization beyond 2000--Technical Scenario of

the Chinese Coal Industry," Proceedings: 17th

70. J. Santucci and G. Sliter, "Ensuring the

Congress of the World Energy Council (London: World

Economic Competitiveness of Advanced Light

Energy Council, 1998), vol. 5, p. 93.

Water Reactors," Paper presented at TOPNUX

'96, Paris, September 1996, p. 1. Copy in

84. EIA, International Energy Outlook 1998, p. 78.

author's files.

85. DRI, Energy Choices in a Competitive Era, p. 4-3.

71. Arlon Tussing and Bob Tippee, The Natural

Gas Industry (Tulsa: PennWell Books, 1995),

86. Chinese and Indian energy planners provide

p. 54.

an example of energy exploitation. They made

wind and solar investments that had high capaci-

72. Makansi, pp. 27­28.

ty ratings but produced little energy. See EIA,

International Energy Outlook 1998, pp. 103­4.

73. Enron Corp., The Natural Gas Advantage:

Strategies for Electric Utilities in the 1990s (Houston:

87. Roger Fouquet and Peter Pearson, "A

Enron, 1992), pp. 2­8.

Thousand Years of Energy Use in the United

Kingdom," Energy Journal 19, no. 4 (1998): 7.

74. This could be true if for no other reason than

the "act of God" limitations of wind and solar--

88. Carlo LaPorta, "Renewable Energy: Recent

intermittent stillness for wind and darkness and

Commercial Performance in the USA as an

intermittent cloudiness for solar.

Index of Future Prospects," in Global Warming:

The Greenpeace Report, ed. Jeremy Leggett

75. World Association of Nuclear Operators,

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp.

"1998 Performance Indicators for the U.S.

235, 242­43.

Nuclear Utility Industry," http://www.nei.org/

library/tmiframe.html.

89. Flavin and Lenssen, p. 189.

76. EIA, Annual Energy Review 1997, pp. 7,

90. Paul Druger and Carel Otte, eds., Geothermal

241, 243.

Energy: Resources, Production, Stimulation (Stanford,

Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1973), pp. 21­58.

77. Nuclear Energy Institute, Strategic Plan for

Building New Nuclear Power Plants (Washington:

91. "Shell Gets Serious about Alternative Power,"

Nuclear Energy Institute, 1998), pp. III-4 and III-5.

Petroleum Economist, December 1997, p. 38; and

Kimberly Music, "Shell Pledges to Focus on

78. EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 1998, p. 54.

Renewable Energy," Oil Daily, October 17, 1997,

79. Nuclear Energy Institute, Nuclear Energy,

p. 1.

fourth quarter 1994; and Nuclear Energy

92. John Browne, Climate Change: The New Agenda

Institute, Nuclear Energy Insight 1996, February

(London: British Petroleum Company, 1997).

1996, pp. 1­2.

93. Enron Corp., "Enron Forms Enron Renewable

80. "EPRI Unveils New Reactor Design

Energy Corp.; Acquires Zond Corporation,

Standardization to Improve Safety," Electric

Leading Developer of Wind Energy Power," Press

Power Alert, July 1, 1998, pp. 27­28. A natural

release, January 6, 1997.

gas combined-cycle plant of the same size can

still be built in two-thirds of this time.

94. Total international energy investment, esti-

mated by the World Energy Council to be $1 tril-

81. As the Department of Energy has noted,

lion annually, would make planned investments

"Without [the Price-Anderson Act of 1957], the

in wind, solar, geothermal, and biopower minus-

nuclear power industry would not have developed

cule. Commercial energy financing only, estimat-

or grown." U.S. Department of Energy, United

ed to be around $150 billion in 1995 alone, would

States Energy Policy: 1980­1988 (Washington: DOE,

put nonhydro renewable investment at a fraction

1988), p. 105.

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