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90. "Recommendations for a Head Start Program by a Panel
of Experts," February 19, 1965, U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Office of Child Development, 1972,
pp. 17. Now available from the Administration for
Children, Youth and Families, Department of Health and
Human Services.
91. Lyndon B. Johnson, Public Papers of the Presidents of
the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, Book 1, January 1 to
May 31, 1965 (Washington: Government Printing Office,
1966), p. 556.
92. For a study-by-study summary of selected impact stud-
ies, see General Accounting Office, "Head Start: Research
Provides Little Information on Impact of Current Program,"
April 1997, pp. 2846.
93. This discussion of Head Start does not consider the
child health, family, or community components of the program.
The focus is on the cognitive, social, and emotional impact
that Head Start may have on children as those components
are directly relevant to the universal preschool debate.
94.
General Accounting Office, "Head Start."
95. Selection criteria included whether Head Start par-
ticipation had occurred in 1976 or later, whether studies
compared outcomes for participants with those for children
not attending any preschool or another preschool, whether
studies compared Head Start outcomes with test norms, and
whether studies used tests of statistical significance.
Ibid., pp. 10, 2426.
96.
Ibid., p.
l2.
97.
Ibid., p. 8.
98.
Ibid., p. 11.
99.
Reproduced in ibid., p. 48.
100. The synthesis study is McKey et al. The study was
conducted under contract for the Department of Health and
Human Services.
101. Ibid., Executive Summary, pp. 124.
102. Ibid., Executive Summary, p. 1.
103. Ibid., Executive Summary, p. 8; and p. III-11.