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petitioner is an alien; whether the petitioner was ordered

removed pursuant to the summary removal procedures; and

whether the petitioner can prove by a preponderance of the

evidence that he or she has become a lawful permanent resi-

dent, has been admitted as a refugee, or has been granted

asylum.  Limitations are also imposed on actions associated

with the implementation of the expedited removal procedures.

Those cases must be filed within 60 days of the first imple-

mentation of the disputed regulation, policy, or guideline

only in the United States District Court for the District of

Columbia, and review is limited to whether the section of

the act or the implementing regulation is constitutional or

whether a regulation or a written policy, guideline, or

procedure to implement the act violates the law.

30. See U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Chief

Immigration Judge, "Interim Operating Policy and Procedures,

Procedures for Credible Fear and Claimed Status Reviews,"

Memorandum 97:3, March 23, 1997, p. 8, n. 10.

31. This example is based on the true story of Meng Li, a

woman traveling to the United States on a buying trip for

her company.  She had a business visa, which she had used to

enter the country twice before, that had been issued by the

U.S. Embassy in Beijing.  The immigration officer at the

Anchorage airport suspected the visa was procured by fraud.

She was "strip searched, handcuffed, put in an Anchorage

jail and told she was barred from the United States for five

years."  See Anthony Lewis, "It Can Happen Here," New York

Times, September 8, 1997, p. A23.

32. Presentation by David Lewis, INS supervisory asylum

officer, Arlington, Virginia, Asylum Office, at Georgetown

University Law Center, September 12, 1997.  In addition, the

INS has to rent cars for the asylum officers to use to

travel to the detention centers.  Sometimes the asylum offi-

cer travels to the detention facility only to learn that the

asylum seeker is not prepared to proceed with her case on

that particular day, because, for example, her rights have

not previously been explained to her.  In such cases the

asylum officer has to travel back to her office, having

spent her entire day traveling and not having interviewed

any asylum applicants.  She will then have to return a few

days later to conduct the credible fear interview.  Inter-

view by Michele Pistone and Pat Rengel of Wally Bird, Katrin

Lea, and James Fitzpatrick, INS asylum officers, New Jersey

Asylum Office, July 21, 1997.