Cato Institute
Policy Analysis
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board spending as 21 percent for credentialing, 49
Policy Institute, Health Law Perspectives, April 21,
percent for investigation, and 27 percent for admin-
2005.
istration. Randall R. Bovbjerg, Pablo Aliaga, and
34. Dower, Christian, and O'Neil, p. 10.
Josephine Gittler, "State Discipline of Physicians:
Assessing State Medical Boards through Case
35. See, for example, American Academy of
Studies." Prepared for Office of Disability, Aging,
Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Workforce,
and Long-term Care Policy, Office of the Assistant
"American Academy of Pediatrics' Policy Statement,
Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S.
Scope of Practice Issues in the Delivery of Pediatric
Department of Health and Human Services,
Health Care," Pediatrics 111, no. 2 (2003): 426­35.
Contract #HHS-100-03-0011, February 2006.
36. Nenstiel et al.
50. American Nurse Credentialing Center, "Cer-
tification," http://www.nursecredentialing.org/
37. Federation of State Medical Boards, "Assessing
cert/index.htm.
Scope of Practice in Health Care Delivery."
51. Bovbjerg, Aliaga and Gittler.
38. Ronald L. Scott, "Optometrists Seek to
Expand Scope of Practice Privileges." University
52. Eric G. Campbell et al., "Professionalism in
of Houston Health Law and Policy Institute,
Medicine: Results of a National Survey of
Health Law Perspectives, April 21, 2005.
Physicians," Annals of Internal Medicine 147, no. 11
(2007): 795­802.
39. Dower, Christian, and O'Neil, p. 10,.
53. Lucian L. Leape and John A. Fromson, "Problem
40. American Society of Anesthesiologists, "The
Doctors: Is There a System-Level Solution?" Journal
Scope of Practice of Nurse Anesthetists--January
of Medical Licensure and Discipline 93, no. 1 (2007):
2004."
109. Notably, the Journal of Medical Licensure and
Discipline is a publication of the Federation of State
41. Damon Adams, "AMA Wants Doctor Oversight
Medical Boards.
for Diagnostic Tests," AMNews, December 4, 2006.
54. Timothy S. Jost et al., "Consumers, Complaints,
42. Myrle Croasdale, "State Medical Groups
and Professional Discipline: A Look at Medical
Resist Naturopaths' Licensure Push," AMNews,
Licensure Boards," Health Matrix: Journal of Law-
March 27, 2006.
Medicine 3, no. 1 (1993): 309­38.
43. Myrle Croasdale, "Physicians Sue Missouri
55. Bovbjerg, Aliaga, and Gittler.
over Midwifery Law," AMNews, August 13, 2007.
56. Gary M. Fournier and Melayne Morgan
44. Myrle Croasdale, "California Expands Oral
McInnes, "Medical Board Regulation of Physician
Surgeons' Scope of Practice," AMNews, November
Licensure: Is Excessive Malpractice Sanctioned?"
6, 2006.
Journal of Regulatory Economics 12, no. 2 (1997):
113­26.
45. Myrle Croasdale, "Nonphysicians Bypass Legis-
latures."
57. Seth Oldmixon, "The Great Medical Malpractice
Hoax: NPDB Data Continues to Show Medical
46. Myrle Croasdale, "Texas Court Finds Board
Liability System Produces Rational Outcomes,"
Exceeded Its Authority and Podiatrists' Scope,"
Public Citizen's Congress Watch, http://www.citi
AMNews, May 5, 2008.
zen.org/publications/release.cfm?ID=7497.
47. American Academy of Physician Assistants,
58. Bovbjerg, Aliaga, and Gittler.
"Where Physician Assistants Are Authorized to
Prescribe," http://www.aapa.org/gandp/rxchart.
59. Darren Grant and Kelly C. Alfred, "Sanctions
html.
and Recidivism: An Evaluation of Physician
Discipline by State Medical Boards," Journal of
48. "The Helping Healers; Physician Assistants
Health Politics, Policy and Law 32, no. 5 (2007):
Have Become an Increasingly Common Health-
867­85; Don Colburn and Steve Woodward, "Few
care Option for Times When There Isn't a Doctor
Doctors Lose Licenses for Missteps," The Oregonian,
in the House," New Orleans Times-Picayune,
April 19, 2005.
October 18, 2001, p. 1.
60. Grant and Alfred.
49. On the basis of a survey of medical boards,
Bovbjerg et al. report median values for medical
61. Lin, Rong-Gong II, "Lag Widens in Medical
15