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22.  United States v. Local 807, 315 U.S. 521, 532-33

(1942).

23.

18 U.S.C. § 1951.

24.

91 Congressional Record 11,904 (1945).

25.

Ibid. at 11,918.

26.

18 U.S.C. § 1951(a).

27.

18 U.S.C. § 1951(b)(2) (emphasis added).

28.

United States v. Enmons, 410 U.S. 396 (1973).

29.

18 U.S.C. §§ 420a-420e-1 (1940).

Enmons at 399-400.

30.

31.

91 Congressional Record 11,908 (1945).

32.

Enmons at 400.

33.

89 Congressional Record 3,220 (1943).

34.

Ibid. at 3,220-21.

35.

Enmons at 418.

36.  Thomas R. Haggard and Armand J. Thieblot Jr., Union

Violence: The Record and the Response by Courts,

Legislatures, and the NLRB (Philadelphia: Industrial

Research Unit, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania,

1983), p. 498.

37.  Freedom from Union Violence Act, S. 230, 105th

Congress § 2(a) (1997).

38.

Ibid., § 2(c)(1).

39.  Hearings Before the Senate Committee on the

Judiciary, 98th Congress 1009 (1984).

40.  Labor Violence, Hearings Before the Senate Committee

on Labor and Human Resources, 99th Congress 251 (1985).

41.  Richard Vigilante, Strike:  The Daily News War and

the Future of American Labor (New York: Simon & Schuster,

1994), p. 214.

42.

Ibid., p. 219.