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ity.  The prospect for legislation like FUVA, however,

depends in part on the frequency and magnitude of strike

violence by union officials to gain financial concessions

from employers.  Senate hearings in 1984 and 1985, occa-

sioned by the violence that occurred in the wake of

Enmons, indicate that the problem is quite serious.  So

does the 20-year database of reported union-related vio-

lence maintained by NILRR.

Union Violence: The Record

Senate Judiciary Committee hearings on the Hobbs Act

in 198439 uncovered new evidence of violence coordinated by

union officials.  In some cases, union officials facili-

tated the violence by busing union members to the site of

the violence.  The Senate Labor and Human Resources

Committee also held hearings on the need for changes to

the Hobbs Act.40 In particular, those hearings targeted

violence related to a strike by the Cement Workers Union

against the Missouri Portland Cement Company.

Testimony at the hearings revealed a pattern of esca-

lating violence that ultimately jeopardized innocent third

parties, including firemen who were called after strikers

cut down power lines.  The manager of a trucking terminal

and his wife were fired on repeatedly by high-powered

rifles.  Their offense was allowing some of Portland

Cement's truckers to use the terminal.  Throughout the

strike, the local's president and vice president encouraged

the pickets and personally blocked entrance to the plant.

More important, Illinois state policemen watched numerous

instances of criminal conduct without responding.

New York Daily News

In 1990, the Tribune Company, owners of the New York

Daily News, requested work-rule changes eliminating jobs

made unnecessary by technological advances and new distri-

bution practices.  A number of the positions targeted for

elimination were "no-show" jobs for which persons are paid

even though they never show up at the job.  Officials of

the paper's 10 unions argued that the News had failed to

make capital improvements that would have made the company

more competitive.

At first, the Tribune Company was able to publish the

Daily News with supervisors, managers, and a handful of

other staff.  Union officials called for a boycott by

readers and advertisers, but to little effect.41   Violence