<<  <  >  >>

Page 26

76. Ministry of National Defense, Defense White Paper:

1991-1992 (Seoul: Republic of Korea, 1992), p. 323.

77. Edward Olsen, "Are Allies Necessary?" Chronicles,

October 1995, p. 43.  Olsen's emphasis.

78. One strategy for doing so is provided by Carpenter,

pp. 23-25.

79. James Kelly, President of Pacific Forum/CSIS, worries

about the "tyranny of distance," and therefore advocates

forward military deployments.  James Kelly, "U.S. Security

Policy in East Asia: Fighting Erosion and Finding a New

Balance," Washington Quarterly 18, no. 3 (Summer 1995):

31.  However, terminating security guarantees that implic-

itly rely on ground forces, like the 3rd MEF, ameliorates

the problem.  American air power could arrive quickly and

fleets could remain on patrol.  Moreover, some ground

units could also be deployed relatively speedily in an

emergency.  Selig Harrison, The Widening Gulf: Asian

Nationalism and American Policy (New York: Free Press,

1978), pp. 376-78.

80. This danger has obviously greatly receded with the

collapse of the USSR.  For a discussion of the Cold War

era threat, see Michael Leifer, "The Security of Sea-Lanes

in South-East Asia," in Security in East Asia, ed. Robert

O'Neill (New York: St. Martin's, 1984), pp. 166-74.

81. William Clark, "Bilateral Security Arrangements in a

Regional Perspective: Time for New Thinking May Be Short,"

in US-Korean Relations at a Time of Change (Seoul:

Research Institute for National Unification, 1994), p. 85.

82. Marine Corps Col. Gary Anderson says, "Our withdrawal

from the Philippines was a profoundly disturbing event for

regional leaders, even though the issue was a dispute over

the cost of the bases rather than a manifestation of the

lack of U.S. interest.  Those leaders knew that another

major U.S. withdrawal from the western Pacific would be

potentially disastrous to regional stability."  Gary Ander-

son, "Why Okinawa Still Needs American Troops," Washington

Times, November 2, 1995, p. A17.  However, the very fact

that there was no serious impact on regional stability

despite such fears demonstrates that there is a lot more

to East Asian stability than American bases and soldiers.

83. Franklin Weinstein and Fuji Kamiya, eds., The Security

of Korea: U.S. and Japanese Perspectives in the 1980s

(Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1980), pp. 86-88.