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chairman of Kaiser Industries.

5.  Robert C. Weaver, "Goals of the Department of Housing

and Urban Development," Urban Affairs Quarterly 2, no. 2

(December 1966), p. 3.

6.

Ibid., p. 3.

7.  Robert Wood, "Obligations of an Affluent Society," Ad-

dress to National Association of Social Workers, May 27,

1966.

8.  Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty: England in the

Early Industrial Age (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983),

pp. 7-8.

9.

Wood.

10. Reynolds Farley and William Frey, "Changes in Segrega-

tion of Whites from Blacks during the 1980s," American

Sociological Review 59 (February 1994): 23-45.

11. See, for example, Frieden and Kaplan.

12. See, for example, Leonard Downie, Mortgage on America

(New York: Praeger, 1974), particularly the chapter entitled

"Federal Housing Programs: Bankers and Builders Relief."

13. See Howard Husock, "Gem in the Ghetto," Boston Phoenix,

July 4, 1976.

14. See Irving Welfeld, HUD Scandals (New Brunswick, N.J.:

Transaction Publishers, 1992).

15. Ibid., p. 45.

16. Robert Woods and Albert Kennedy, The Zone of Emergence:

Observations of the Lower Middle and Upper Working Class

Communities of Boston, l905-l9l4 (1914; reprint, Cambridge,

Mass.: Joint Center for Urban Studies of the Massachusetts

Institute of Technology and Harvard University).

17. For a good account of the destabilizing effects of early

HUD programs, see Downie.

18. Model Cities funds required a 20 percent local "match,"

with the remaining 80 percent of funds coming from a variety

of federal pots.  Model Cities councils were elected within